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Dział ENG.1.8›Reading & Speaking: argumenty i perswazja w temacie zakupów

Reading & Speaking: argumenty i perswazja w temacie zakupów

Reading & SpeakingArgumentsPersuasion

Identyfikowanie informacji wspierających tezę to kluczowe zadanie maturalne. W mówieniu — perswazja i przekonywanie kogoś do zmiany nawyków zakupowych. Zamykamy cykl umiejętności MP1.

⏱ ~103 min
Reading & Speaking: argumenty i perswazja w temacie zakupów

Po tej lekcji będziesz umieć

Reading & SpeakingArgumentsPersuasion
Zaznacz, gdy opanujesz
  • odróżnić claim od evidence,
  • znaleźć dowód w tekście,
  • rozpoznać techniki perswazji w reklamie,
  • dodać kontrargument i odpowiedź,
  • zbudować przekonującą wypowiedź w stylu maturalnym.

Po co argumenty i perswazja na maturze?

Na maturze nie wystarczy napisać „I agree". Trzeba pokazać, co twierdzisz, czym to uzasadniasz i jak odpowiadasz na kontrargument.

Słabo: Fast fashion is bad. → Dobrze: Fast fashion creates a lot of waste because cheap clothes are often worn only a few times.

Claim vs evidence

I agree with this because I agree.
I agree with this because the text gives a clear example.

opinia potrzebuje dowodu.

Fast fashion is bad.
Fast fashion produces a lot of waste because many clothes are worn only a few times.

claim + uzasadnienie.

Claim = twierdzenie / opinia. Evidence = fakt z tekstu, przykład, wynik badania albo logiczne wyjaśnienie.

Supporting information

Weak support
It is bad.It is good.

"It is bad."

sama ocena bez dowodu.

Better support
because…for example…

"Fast fashion produces waste because clothes are worn only a few times."

dodaj powód.

Strong support
According to the text…this shows that…

"According to the text, cheap clothes are quickly thrown away, so the system creates waste."

odwołaj się do tekstu.

Evidence nie musi być liczbą — może być fakt z tekstu, przykład albo logiczne wyjaśnienie.

Fact-checking adverts

Advert claim
This product is the best for everyone.

"This product is the best choice for everyone."

hasło reklamowe.

Ask
Who says that? Is there evidence?

"Who says that? Is there proof?"

zadaj pytanie krytyczne.

Better answer
The advert tries to persuadebut…

"The advert tries to persuade customers, but it does not give clear evidence."

oceń krytycznie.

Nie traktuj hasła reklamowego jak faktu. Najpierw zapytaj: kto to mówi, po co i czy podaje dowód?

Reading strategy — read critically

Jak czytać tekst z argumentami
  • Znajdź główne twierdzenie (claim).
  • Podkreśl dowody i przykłady (evidence).
  • Sprawdź, czy to fakt, czy opinia.
  • Zauważ techniki perswazji.
  • Pomyśl o kontrargumencie i własnej odpowiedzi.

Argument phrases

Claim
I believe that…The main problem is that…

"I believe that adverts influence teenagers."

nazwij stanowisko.

Evidence
According to the text…For example…This shows that…

"According to the text, adverts use influencers."

poprzyj dowodem.

Counterargument
Some people say that…It is true that…

"Some people say that adverts are useful."

przywołaj drugą stronę.

Response
However…Although this may be true…I still think that…

"However, adverts often hide information."

odpowiedz na kontrargument.

Persuasion techniques

Emotion
make you feel confidentfeel happy

"This product will make you feel confident."

odwołanie do emocji.

Authority
experts recommenddoctors say

"Experts recommend this product."

odwołanie do autorytetu.

Popularity
everyone is buying itbest-seller

"Everyone is buying it."

efekt tłumu.

Urgency & discount
only todaylimited offersave 50%

"Only today! Limited offer!"

presja czasu i promocja.

Technika perswazji nie jest automatycznie zła — problem zaczyna się, gdy reklama manipuluje emocjami albo ukrywa ważne informacje.

Uwaga

Before listening

  1. What makes an advert persuasive?
  2. What question should you ask before buying something from an advert?
Before listening — model answers
✓ Show model answers
1. Possible answers: discounts, influencers, slogans, emotions, popularity, urgency.
2. Possible answers: Do I really need it? Is there evidence? Is the product good quality? Can I check reviews?

Przykład

Listen in context — Is this advert really honest?

Is this advert really honest?
A2+/B1 · ~98s · Mia & Leo
Listen to Mia and Leo critically analysing an advert for trainers — identifying claims, evidence, persuasion techniques, counterarguments and a balanced response.
Listen for:claimevidencepersuasion techniquescounterargumentcritical response
📄 Pokaż transkrypt
Mia: Look at this advert for trainers. It says, "Everyone is buying them. Limited offer — only today!"
Leo: That sounds persuasive, but is there any evidence?
Mia: Not really. It just says they are the best trainers for teenagers.
Leo: That's a claim, not evidence. The advert wants people to believe the product is popular and urgent.
Mia: Yes, it uses popularity and urgency. "Everyone is buying them" makes you feel that you should buy them too.
Leo: And "only today" creates pressure. People may buy quickly without thinking.
Mia: The advert also shows a famous influencer wearing the trainers. That can make the product look more attractive.
Leo: True, but an influencer is not proof that the product is good. They may be paid to promote it.
Mia: Good point. The advert says the trainers are eco-friendly, but it doesn't explain why.
Leo: Then we should ask: What are they made of? Can they be recycled? How long will they last?
Mia: I agree. If they are cheap but break after a few weeks, they may create more waste.
Leo: Some people say fast fashion is useful because it is cheap.
Mia: That may be true, but cheap clothes and shoes are often replaced quickly. As a result, more waste goes to landfill.
Leo: So a balanced response could be: adverts can help us find products, but they can also hide important information.
Mia: Exactly. Before buying, we should check reviews, compare quality and ask if we really need the product.
Leo: In my opinion, a good advert should give clear information, not just make people feel pressure.

Słownictwo

While listening

Task A — Listen for gist

Przeczytaj pytania, a potem posłuchaj i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź.

  1. What are Mia and Leo talking about? a) a school uniform · b) an advert for trainers · c) a recycling project

  2. What is their main opinion about the advert? a) It gives strong evidence. · b) It is persuasive, but people should check it critically. · c) It is not about shopping.

  3. What should customers do before buying? a) buy immediately · b) check reviews and think if they need the product · c) ignore all adverts

Klucz — Task A
✓ Check answers
1. b) an advert for trainers
2. b) It is persuasive, but people should check it critically.
3. b) check reviews and think if they need the product

Task B — Claim vs evidence

Uzupełnij tabelę:

Advert message / detailClaim or evidence?Why?
"Everyone is buying them."……
"They are the best trainers for teenagers."……
A famous influencer wears them.……
The advert says they are eco-friendly but gives no details.……
Klucz — Task B
✓ Show model answer
"Everyone is buying them." → Claim — it says the product is popular, but gives no proof.
"They are the best trainers for teenagers." → Claim — it is an opinion/advertising statement, not evidence.
A famous influencer wears them. → Weak support — it may influence people, but does not prove quality.
The advert says they are eco-friendly but gives no details. → Claim — it needs evidence, e.g. materials or recycling information.

Task C — Persuasion techniques

Dopasuj zwrot do techniki perswazji:

Phrase from audioTechnique
"Everyone is buying them."…
"Limited offer — only today!"…
famous influencer wearing the trainers…
"the best trainers for teenagers"…
"eco-friendly" without explanation…
Klucz — Task C
✓ Show model answer
"Everyone is buying them." → popularity / bandwagon effect
"Limited offer — only today!" → urgency / pressure
famous influencer wearing the trainers → authority / influencer appeal
"the best trainers for teenagers" → strong claim / exaggeration
"eco-friendly" without explanation → unsupported claim / possible greenwashing

Słownictwo

After listening

Task D — True or false?

Task D — True or false?
  1. 11. The advert gives clear evidence that the trainers are the best.
  2. 22. "Only today" creates pressure.
  3. 33. Leo says influencers always prove that a product is good.
  4. 44. The advert explains why the trainers are eco-friendly.
  5. 55. Mia says cheap products may create more waste if they break quickly.
  6. 66. Leo thinks customers should check reviews before buying.
✓ Check answers
1. False — it only makes a claim, with no evidence.
2. True
3. False — he says an influencer is not proof.
4. False — it doesn't explain why.
5. True
6. True

Task E — Vocabulary focus

Znajdź angielskie odpowiedniki z nagrania:

  1. dowód
  2. twierdzenie / claim
  3. oferta tylko dziś
  4. tworzyć presję
  5. sławny influencer
  6. przekonać ludzi
  7. promować produkt
  8. sprawdzić recenzje
  9. porównać jakość
  10. ważne informacje
Klucz — Task E
✓ Check answers
1. evidence
2. claim
3. only today / limited offer
4. create pressure
5. famous influencer
6. persuade people
7. promote a product
8. check reviews
9. compare quality
10. important information

Task F — Counterargument and response

Uzupełnij łańcuch argumentacyjny:

PartInformation from the audio
Claim…
Counterargument…
Response…
Advice…
Klucz — Task F
✓ Show model answer
Claim: Fast fashion / cheap products can be useful because they are cheap.
Counterargument: Cheap clothes and shoes are often replaced quickly.
Response: As a result, they can create more waste and more waste goes to landfill.
Advice: Customers should check reviews, compare quality and ask if they really need the product.

Task G — Build a critical response

Odpowiedz w 2–3 zdaniach: Can adverts make people buy things they do not need? Give one reason.

Klucz — Task G
✓ Show model answer
Yes, adverts can make people buy things they do not need because they use popularity, influencers and urgency. For example, "limited offer" can make people buy quickly without thinking.

Use it now — speaking

Zbuduj przekonującą odpowiedź. Powiedz lub napisz 5–6 zdań. Użyj: 1 twierdzenia (claim) · 1 dowodu lub przykładu · 1 kontrargumentu · 1 odpowiedzi · 1 porady. Możesz zacząć: "I think that…" / "For example,…" / "Some people say that…" / "However,…" / "As a result,…"

Use it now — przykładowa odpowiedź
✓ Show model answer
I think online adverts can make teenagers buy too many things. For example, adverts often use influencers and limited offers. Some people say adverts are useful because they show new products. However, adverts can also hide important information and create pressure. As a result, teenagers should check reviews and think carefully before buying.

Persuasive argument builder

Infografika

Persuasive argument builder

Claim → evidence → counterargument → response → action → final answer

1

Claim

fast fashion creates waste

2

Evidence

clothes are thrown away quickly

3

Counterargument

some people say it is cheap

4

Response

but cheap clothes often do not last long

5

Action

buy fewer • better-quality clothes

6

Final answer

Fast fashion creates a lot of waste. Although it is cheap • teenagers should buy fewer clothes and choose better-quality products.

Pamiętaj: Argument = twierdzenie + dowód + reakcja na kontrargument, nie sama opinia.

From advert to critical response

Infografika

From advert to critical response

Advert message → technique → hidden purpose → critical question → balanced response

1

Advert message

This brand makes you popular.

2

Persuasive technique

emotional appeal

3

Hidden purpose

persuade teenagers to buy

4

Critical question

Is there evidence?

5

Balanced response

The advert suggests the brand improves your image • but it does not prove the product is better.

Pamiętaj: Drugi przykład: Limited offer today only → pressure / urgency → make people buy quickly → Do I really need it?

Reading → speaking transfer

Text → speaking

Text detail → claim → speaking answer

Zamień szczegół z tekstu w argument

1Fast fashion clothes are often cheap and quickly replaced.
2fast fashion can create waste
3Fast fashion can create waste because people often buy cheap clothes and replace them quickly.
1An advert uses a famous influencer.
2advertising can affect teenagers
3Advertising can affect teenagers because influencers make products look more attractive.

Szczegół → twierdzenie → pełna odpowiedź z dowodem.

Uwaga

Use it now: build a persuasive answer

Use it now: zbuduj przekonującą wypowiedź
  1. 1Your class is discussing whether teenagers buy too many things because of online adverts.
  2. 21. Make a claim.
  3. 32. Add evidence or an example.
  4. 43. Mention a counterargument.
  5. 54. Give your response or advice.
"I think online adverts can make teenagers buy too many things.""For example, adverts often show discounts and influencers.""Some people say adverts are useful because they show new products.""However, teenagers should check if they really need the product before buying it."

Uwaga

Mini-matura

Zadanie 1 — reading argument

Choose the strongest supporting evidence. A. Fast fashion is popular. · B. Fast fashion can create waste because many cheap clothes are quickly thrown away. · C. Fast fashion is about clothes.

Zadanie 2 — reakcja językowa

Your English friend says: I always buy products promoted by influencers. Give one opinion and one piece of advice.

Mini-matura — modelowe odpowiedzi
✓ Pokaż modelowe odpowiedzi
Zadanie 1: B — claim + konkretny dowód.
Zadanie 2: I think you should be careful because influencers may be paid to promote products. You should check reviews before buying anything.

Słownictwo

Kluczowe pojęcia

TerminDefinicja
claimTwierdzenie / teza, którą trzeba uzasadnić.
evidenceDowód wspierający twierdzenie.
supporting informationInformacja popierająca argument (dane, przykład).
counterargumentKontrargument: głos przeciwny.
responseOdpowiedź / odparcie kontrargumentu.
persuasive techniqueTechnika perswazji stosowana w reklamie.
emotional appealOdwołanie do emocji odbiorcy.
authorityAutorytet: powołanie się na eksperta.
popularityPopularność jako argument („wszyscy to kupują").
urgencyPoczucie pilności („tylko dziś!").
critical responseKrytyczna, przemyślana odpowiedź.
balanced responseWyważona odpowiedź uwzględniająca obie strony.
advert claimTwierdzenie zawarte w reklamie.
hidden purposeUkryty cel przekazu (np. sprzedaż).
in the long run„Na dłuższą metę" — perspektywa długoterminowa.
landfillWysypisko śmieci.

Checklist przed sprawdzianem

Sprawdź się przed sprawdzianem
  • Odróżniam claim od evidence.
  • Umiem znaleźć dowód w tekście.
  • Rozpoznaję techniki perswazji.
  • Nie traktuję reklamy jako faktu.
  • Dodaję kontrargument i kończę poradą albo wnioskiem.

Sprawdź gotowość

Utrwal materiał i sprawdź się — wybierz następny krok

Nauka języków

moduł

Ćwicz słownictwo, zwroty i komunikację w module Nauka języków.

Otwórz naukę języków

Sprawdzian

15–30 min

Sprawdź materiał z lekcji lub działu: vocabulary, grammar i krótkie odpowiedzi.

Zrób sprawdzian

Matura próbna

pełny arkusz

Przejdź do pełnej matury próbnej z angielskiego w formacie arkusza CKE.

Otwórz maturę próbną

Częste błędy

Częste błędy

Wrong: "I agree with this, because I agree"
I agree with this because the text gives a clear example

"nie powtarzaj opinii, dodaj dowód."

Wrong: "Advertisement says it is best, so it is true"
The advert claims it is the bestbut it does not give evidence

"claim reklamowy to nie fakt."

Wrong: "According to me, adverts are useful"
In my opinionadverts are useful

"naturalnie: in my opinion."

Wrong: "I am agree with you"
I agree with you

"agree to czasownik, nie przymiotnik."

Wrong: "This advert persuades people buy"
This advert persuades people to buy

"persuade someone to do something."

Wrong: "People should to check reviews"
People should check reviews

"po should czasownik bez to."

Więcej częstych błędów
✓ Pokaż więcej błędów
Wrong: There is many arguments → There are many arguments — arguments to liczba mnoga.
Wrong: We should make a research about it → We should do some research about it — do research, nie make.

Źródła, format CKE i materiały ZPE

PODSTAWA PROGRAMOWA MENMEN / zakres zgodny

Język angielski — poziom A2/B1. Zakres: rozumienie tekstów, wyszukiwanie informacji, reagowanie ustne i pisemne.

FORMAT CKECKE / reading + speaking

Typowe użycie: pytania do tekstu, prawda/fałsz, dobieranie nagłówków, wypowiedź ustna do zdjęcia na poziomie A2/B1.

MATERIAŁY ZPE — INTERAKTYWNE1 materiał
Informator maturalny — język angielski (formuła 2023)CKE · informator

Materiał MEN/ZPE, dostępny bezpłatnie.

argumenty i perswazja w temacie zakupówA2/B1 reading

Źródła: MEN — podstawa programowa języka obcego nowożytnego; CKE — informator maturalny i arkusze egzaminacyjne; ZPE — materiały interaktywne dopasowane do tematu lekcji.

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