Vocabulary: środowiska nienaruszone i kryzys klimatyczny

Termin Znaczenie --- --- deforestation wylesianie desertification pustynnienie soil degradation degradacja gleby land degradation degradacja gruntów ocean acidification zakwaszenie oceanów coral bleaching wybielanie korali permafrost thaw rozmarzanie wieczn…

Termin Znaczenie --- --- greenhouse gas emissions emisje gazów cieplarnianych carbon sequestration sekwestracja węgla (pochłanianie i magazynowanie) carbon capture wychwytywanie dwutlenku węgla net zero zerowy bilans emisji netto carbon neutral neutralny po…

Termin Znaczenie --- --- Paris Agreement Porozumienie Paryskie NDC (Nationally Determined Contribution) krajowy wkład klimatyczny carbon pricing wycena emisji węgla carbon tax podatek węglowy cap-and-trade system handlu emisjami climate finance finansowanie…

Term Definition C1 use --- --- --- climate justice fairness in responsibility and vulnerability Climate justice asks who is most responsible and who is most affected. loss and damage compensation for climate harm to vulnerable countries Loss and damage mec…

Word / concept Chunk B2+/C1 sentence --- --- --- pristine preserve pristine environments Governments should preserve pristine environments where ecological integrity remains largely intact. tipping point cross a climate tipping point Once a tipping point i…

Pattern Example --- --- protect / preserve protect old-growth forests / preserve ecological baselines reduce / cut reduce greenhouse gas emissions / cut carbon output by 50% cross / reach / trigger cross a tipping point / reach net zero / trigger a feedback…

Collocation Use --- --- climate change mitigation łagodzenie zmiany klimatu biodiversity loss utrata różnorodności biologicznej carbon emissions emisje węgla / dwutlenku węgla ecological restoration odtwarzanie ekosystemów pristine wilderness dziewicza, nie…

Policy term What it means Typical argument --- --- --- carbon tax polluters pay for emissions efficient, but politically unpopular cap-and-trade emissions limit + trading permits market-based, but depends on enforcement climate finance funding for mitigatio…

Command What it asks C1 move --- --- --- Discuss the extent to which... weigh evidence, give a balanced judgement To a significant extent...

Drabina pewności: Level Phrase Register --- --- --- Weak Maybe it is true that... conversational — avoid in writing Better The evidence suggests that...

Word / structure Chunk / interpretation B2+/C1 answer --- --- --- pristine preserve pristine environments Preserving pristine environments is not only a conservation goal, but also a way to protect carbon sinks and ecological baselines. tipping point cross…

Termin Definicja --- --- pristine Nienaruszony, pierwotny; używane do opisu środowiska lub ekosystemu wolnego od silnej ingerencji człowieka. tipping point Punkt krytyczny, po którego przekroczeniu system może przejść w nowy, trudny do odwrócenia stan.