Ocenianie argumentów etycznych na C1 wymaga rozróżnienia między różnymi teoriami etycznymi i rozpoznania, z której z nich argument wywodzi swą siłę. W mówieniu — kompleksowa debata o skuteczności pomocy.

Słownictwo
In a C1 ethical debate, you do not only say whether helping is good. You explain which ethical lens the argument uses, what it values, what it overlooks and how you respond.
Pytanie kluczowe: Is helping others a matter of outcomes, duty, character or care?
| Poziom | Co potrafisz |
|---|---|
| B2 | identify main ethical arguments; say whether you agree or disagree |
| B2+ | explain the reasoning behind a position; add an objection and a response |
| C1 | identify the ethical tradition; show its value and limits; build a qualified judgement using multiple lenses |
Słownictwo
Recognising the ethical tradition helps you understand why the argument sounds persuasive and where its limits are.
| Tradycja | Pytanie kluczowe | Przykładowy argument |
|---|---|---|
| Consequentialism | Which action produces the best outcomes? | We should fund interventions that save the most lives per dollar. |
| Deontology | What duty or rule applies, regardless of outcomes? | We have a duty to help people in need, regardless of how much it costs. |
| Virtue ethics | What kind of person should I be? | A generous person does not ignore suffering when they can help. |
| Care ethics | Who is vulnerable, and what relationship do we have with them? | We owe more to our own community than to distant strangers. |
Słownictwo
Tradition Core question Typical language What to watch for ----------- ------------- ----------------- ------------------ Consequentialism Which action produces the best outcomes? reduce suffering, maximise welfare, effective use of resources May overlook …
Słownictwo
Przeczytaj każde zdanie i rozpoznaj tradycję etyczną. Sprawdź modelowe odpowiedzi.
Uwaga
Słownictwo
Position Argument Objection Stronger C1 response ---------- ---------- ----------- --------------------- Aid works Evidence-based interventions can reduce mortality and disease. Aid may create dependency.
Słownictwo
Function Phrase ---------- -------- Identify tradition This argument is essentially consequentialist in character. Define framework From a deontological perspective, the issue is one of duty rather than outcome.
Przykład
Position Sentence starter ---------- ----------------- strongly agree I strongly agree, especially if the argument is understood in consequentialist terms. partly agree I partly agree, but only within limits.
Wzorzec
Question: Do wealthy individuals have a moral obligation to donate significant portions of their income to effective charities? The argument has considerable force from a consequentialist perspective.
Słownictwo
Ethical lens / signal Interpretation C1 exam answer ---------------------- --------------- ---------------- consequentialism outcomes matter most From a consequentialist perspective, aid is justified if it significantly reduces suffering. deontology duty a…
Uwaga
Słownictwo
Termin Definicja --- --- consequentialism Teoria etyczna oceniająca działanie przede wszystkim przez jego skutki. deontology Teoria etyczna oparta na obowiązkach, zasadach i regułach, niezależnie od samych konsekwencji.
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