Struktury z it i there na C1 to nie podstawy z klasy 1 — to precyzyjne narzędzia do wyrażania impersonalności, nacisku i złożonych relacji logicznych. Integracja wszystkich struktur roku.

Słownictwo
C1 sentence structures are not decorations. They help you control emphasis, distance, register and the logical focus of an argument.
Pytanie kluczowe: How can I make a complex argument sound formal, precise and controlled?
Wybierz strukturę C1, gdy chcesz:
| Poziom | Co potrafisz |
|---|---|
| B2 | use there is and it is correctly; write formal sentences |
| B2+ | use it has been argued that, there remains, basic it-cleft |
| C1 | choose structure by effect: impersonal, emphasis, distance, existence, fronting — and integrate without overuse |
Słownictwo
Preparatory it przesuwa podmiot lub że-zdanie na koniec — tworzy formalny, bezosobowy styl.
| Structure | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Preparatory it | It is + adjective + that… | It is widely acknowledged that gene editing raises profound ethical questions. |
| Preparatory it (infinitive) | It is + adjective + to-inf | It is difficult to overstate the implications of germline editing. |
| It remains to be seen | fixed phrase | It remains to be seen whether germline editing will be permitted. |
| It-cleft | It is/was X that… | It is the heritable nature of germline editing that distinguishes it from somatic therapy. |
| It + passive reporting | It has been argued that… | It has been argued that the precautionary principle is being applied inconsistently. |
| It appears / seems | impersonal judgement | It appears that CRISPR may be more precise than initially thought. |
Słownictwo
Wybierz strukturę według efektu — nie według trudności. What you want to do Best structure Pattern Example --------------------- --------------- --------- --------- Make the claim formal and impersonal preparatory it It is + adjective/passive + that… It is…
Słownictwo
Structure Safe pattern Example Warning ----------- ------------- --------- --------- It is important that… It is + adjective + that + clause It is important that patients understand the risks. that-clause indicates the actor.
Słownictwo
There is / there are to poziom B1. C1 używa there z innymi czasownikami, żeby formalnie stwierdzić istnienie problemu, debaty lub nowego zjawiska.
Słownictwo
Po there czasownik zgadza się z rzeczownikiem po nim — nie z samym there . Sentence Noun after there Verb form ---------- -------------------- ----------- There remains a question.
Słownictwo
Structure Effect Example Risk ----------- -------- --------- ------ inversion strongest emphasis Never has the question been clearer. sounds dramatic; use very rarely it-cleft emphasises one element It is consent that matters most.
Bad C1 imitation: It is the issue of consent that matters, there remains a debate, what is important is justice, and never has the problem been more serious. Better C1: There remains a serious debate about consent in germline editing.
Słownictwo
Przeczytaj ten model — każda struktura C1 jest zaznaczona. --- [1] There remains considerable debate about whether germline editing should ever be permitted.
Słownictwo
Trzy rungi: B1 → B2 → C1. Przykład 1: Level Sentence ------- --------- B1 People disagree about gene editing.
Słownictwo
Structure Function C1 exam sentence ----------- ---------- ----------------- preparatory it formal claim It is widely acknowledged that gene editing raises serious ethical questions. it remains to be seen cautious future It remains to be seen whether longe…
Uwaga
Słownictwo
Termin Definicja --- --- preparatory it Struktura, w której it pełni funkcję wprowadzającą przed that-clause, infinitive albo whether-clause, np. It is important that...
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